{"id":2157,"date":"2019-04-09T01:59:44","date_gmt":"2019-04-09T01:59:44","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vimc.darkvn.net\/?p=2157"},"modified":"2019-04-09T01:59:45","modified_gmt":"2019-04-09T01:59:45","slug":"van-tai-bien-doi-mat-50-ti-do-la-chi-phi-chuyen-sang-nhien-lieu-sach","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vimc.co\/en\/van-tai-bien-doi-mat-50-ti-do-la-chi-phi-chuyen-sang-nhien-lieu-sach\/","title":{"rendered":"V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t 50 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la chi ph\u00ed chuy\u1ec3n sang nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ea1ch"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m sau, c\u00e1c t\u00e0u v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng than sang d\u1ea7u n\u1eb7ng v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 20.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n\n

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B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m 2020, \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 60.000 t\u00e0u v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh 0,5% tr\u1edf xu\u1ed1ng <\/strong><\/figcaption><\/figure><\/div>\n\n\n\n

T\u1edd Wall Street Journal h\u00f4m 4-4 cho bi\u1ebft theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IMO), b\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 1-1-2020, c\u00e1c t\u00e0u v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn (lo\u1ea1i t\u00e0u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a qua c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng) ph\u1ea3i s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh th\u1ea5p, ch\u1ec9 \u1edf m\u1ee9c 0,5% ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n nh\u01b0 d\u1ea7u MGO (marine gasoil) hay d\u1ea7u ULSFO (ultra-low-sulfur fuel oil) \u0111\u1ec3 thay th\u1ebf cho lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u n\u1eb7ng c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh 3,5% (hay c\u00f2n l\u1ea1i l\u00e0 d\u1ea7u bunker) \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng r\u1ed9ng r\u00e3i hi\u1ec7n nay.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

S\u1ef1 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i n\u00e0y nh\u1eb1m c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i sulfur-dioxide (SO2) trong ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i t\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n. Hi\u1ec7n nay, ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u \u0111ang chi\u1ebfm 13% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i SO2 tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u m\u1ed7i n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

M\u1ed9t nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 khoa h\u1ecdc Ph\u1ea7n Lan c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o n\u1ebfu kh\u00f4ng chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i sang nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh th\u1ea5p, \u00f4 nhi\u1ec5m kh\u00f4ng kh\u00ed do kh\u00ed \u0111\u1ed9c SO2 t\u1eeb c\u00e1c t\u00e0u v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng th\u00eam 570.000 tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p t\u1eed vong s\u1edbm tr\u00ean to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u trong giai \u0111o\u1ea1n 2020-2025.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, IMO cho ph\u00e9p c\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 t\u00e0u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e9p ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng d\u1ea7u bunker n\u1ebfu nh\u01b0 h\u1ecd l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng l\u1ecdc kh\u00ed x\u1ea3 (EGCS) \u0111\u1ec3 g\u1ea1n l\u1ecdc v\u00e0 gi\u1eef l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh l\u1ea1i tr\u00ean t\u00e0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a IMO s\u1ebd \u1ea3nh h\u01b0\u1edfng \u0111\u1ebfn \u00edt nh\u1ea5t 60.000 t\u00e0u v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 khi\u1ebfn ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n to\u00e0n t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m th\u00eam 50 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed7i n\u0103m. G\u00e1nh n\u1eb7ng chi ph\u00ed n\u00e0y d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o v\u00e0 tranh c\u00e3i \u1ed3n \u00e0o v\u1ec1 ch\u1ea5t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n cung c\u00f3 s\u1eb5n c\u1ee7a nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c l\u1eddi k\u00eau g\u1ecdi tr\u00ec ho\u00e3n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi c\u1ee7a IMO.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V\u1edbi th\u1eddi gian \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1edbi ch\u1ec9 c\u00f2n t\u00e1m th\u00e1ng, c\u00e1c ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb \u0111ang di\u1ec5n ra r\u00e1o ri\u1ebft. C\u00e1c nh\u00e0 cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u \u0111ang thi\u1ebft l\u1eadp c\u00e1c kho v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00f3 m\u1ed9t s\u1ef1 nh\u1ea5t tr\u00ed chung trong ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 kh\u00e1ch h\u00e0ng s\u1ebd g\u00e1nh ch\u1ecbu ph\u1ea7n chi ph\u00ed nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u t\u0103ng th\u00eam mi\u1ec5n l\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng v\u00e0 minh b\u1ea1ch v\u1ec1 s\u1ed1 chi ph\u00ed m\u00e0 h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 th\u00eam \u0111\u1ec3 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u00e0u.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ch\u1ee7 h\u00e0ng d\u1ef1 ki\u1ebfn gi\u00e1 c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n s\u1ebd t\u0103ng l\u00ean \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3 v\u00e0o \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m t\u1edbi. Trong n\u0103m n\u0103m qua, gi\u00e1 c\u01b0\u1edbc v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n \u0111ang \u0111i\u1ec3m h\u00f2a v\u1ed1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng t\u00e0u do c\u00f4ng su\u1ea5t v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n d\u01b0 th\u1eeba, bu\u1ed9c c\u00e1c c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng t\u00e0u lao v\u00e0o cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn gi\u1ea3m gi\u00e1 c\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111\u1ec3 gi\u00e0nh th\u1ecb ph\u1ea7n.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhi\u1ec1u c\u00f4ng ty v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 l\u00e3i trong su\u1ed1t th\u1ea5p k\u1ef7 qua v\u00e0 tri\u1ec3n v\u1ecdng kinh doanh c\u1ee7a ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o v\u1eabn \u1ea3m \u0111\u1ea1m cho \u0111\u1ebfn n\u0103m 2021 khi n\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u t\u0103ng tr\u01b0\u1edfng ch\u1eadm l\u1ea1i v\u00e0 c\u00e1c c\u0103ng th\u1eb3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 v\u1edbi Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 Li\u00ean minh ch\u00e2u \u00c2u (EU) \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c d\u1ef1 b\u00e1o s\u1ebd c\u00f2n dai d\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Soren Skou, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh h\u00e3nh v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi Maersk, n\u00f3i: \u201cN\u1ebfu c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n ph\u1ea3i g\u00e1nh chi ph\u00ed t\u0103ng th\u00eam li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh th\u1ea5p th\u00ec \u0111i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y s\u1ebd d\u1eabn \u0111\u1ebfn nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5 ph\u00e1 s\u1ea3n\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Gi\u00e1 lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u bunker ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn nh\u1ea5t hi\u1ec7n nay v\u00e0o kho\u1ea3ng 440 \u0111\u00f4 la\/ t\u1ea5n. L\u00e3nh \u0111\u1ea1o c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ty v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ebfn \u01b0\u1edbc t\u00ednh h\u1ecd ph\u1ea3i tr\u1ea3 th\u00eam 25-40% \u0111\u1ec3 mua nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh v\u00ec chi ph\u00ed s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y cao h\u01a1n c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c chi ph\u00ed x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m ph\u00e2n ph\u1ed1i m\u1edbi.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Nhi\u1ec1u ch\u1ee7 h\u00e0ng cho bi\u1ebft h\u1ecd s\u1ebd ch\u1ea5p nh\u1eadn tr\u1ea3 ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn chi ph\u00ed t\u0103ng th\u00eam n\u00e0y d\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ea1ng ph\u1ee5 ph\u00ed nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u.
Jon Gold, Ph\u00f3 Ch\u1ee7 t\u1ecbch Hi\u1ec7p h\u1ed9i b\u00e1n l\u1ebb qu\u1ed1c gia M\u1ef9 (NRF) n\u00f3i: \u201c\u0110\u1ebfn th\u1eddi \u0111i\u1ec3m n\u00e0y, v\u1eabn ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 t\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a chi ph\u00ed nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ebd l\u00e0m t\u0103ng gi\u00e1 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng \u1edf m\u1ee9c n\u00e0o\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn cu\u1ed9c tranh lu\u1eadn hi\u1ec7n nay t\u1eadp trung v\u00e0o h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng EGCS \u0111\u1ec3 x\u1eed l\u00fd kh\u00ed x\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u tr\u01b0\u1edbc khi tho\u00e1t ra ngo\u00e0i kh\u00ed quy\u1ec3n. Ch\u00ed ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ec3 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y kho\u1ea3ng 3-10 tri\u1ec7u \u0111\u00f4 la m\u1ed7i t\u00e0u. C\u00e1c h\u00e3ng t\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n \u0111ang l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng EGCS cho r\u1eb1ng h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y gi\u00fap ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m chi ph\u00ed h\u01a1n so v\u1edbi vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i d\u1ea7u c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh th\u1ea5p 0,5% v\u00e0 s\u1ebd gi\u00fap thu h\u1ed3i chi ph\u00ed \u0111\u1ea7u t\u01b0 trong v\u00f2ng hai n\u0103m.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Tuy nhi\u00ean, \u0111a ph\u1ea7n c\u00e1c h\u00e3ng t\u00e0u l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn chuy\u1ec3n sang nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi, thay v\u00ec l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng n\u00e0y. Rolf Habben Jansen, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c \u0111i\u1ec1u h\u00e0nh h\u00e3ng t\u00e0u v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n container Hapag-Lloyd (\u0110\u1ee9c), cho bi\u1ebft h\u00e3ng ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 k\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t EGCS cho 10 trong s\u1ed1 \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u 227 chi\u1ebfc c\u1ee7a h\u00e3ng n\u00e0y.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u00d4ng n\u00f3i: \u201cC\u00f3 r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u th\u1ea3o lu\u1eadn v\u1ec1 EGCS nh\u01b0ng cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng s\u1ebd c\u00f3 t\u1edbi 90% \u0111\u1ed9i t\u00e0u bi\u1ec3n to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u s\u1ebd s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u00f3 h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh th\u1ea5p\u201d.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

C\u00e1c ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 nguy c\u01a1 thi\u1ebfu ngu\u1ed3n cung nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u m\u1edbi c\u0169ng \u0111\u00e3 l\u1eafng d\u1ecbu sau khi c\u00e1c t\u1eadp \u0111o\u00e0n d\u1ea7u kh\u00ed nh\u01b0 BP, Shell v\u00e0 ExxonMobil cam k\u1ebft h\u1ecd s\u1ebd \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng ngu\u1ed3n cung d\u1ed3i d\u00e0o \u1edf c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng l\u1edbn.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

K\u1ebf ho\u1ea1ch gi\u1ea3m kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i SO2 l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n trong n\u1ed7 l\u1ef1c \u0111\u01b0a ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n tr\u1edf n\u00ean th\u00e2n thi\u1ec7n h\u01a1n v\u1edbi m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng. Ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n m\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i di\u1ec7n l\u00e0 IMO \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ed3ng \u00fd c\u1eaft gi\u1ea3m 50% l\u01b0\u1ee3ng kh\u00ed th\u1ea3i g\u00e2y hi\u1ec7u \u1ee9ng nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050 v\u00e0 c\u00e1c b\u01b0\u1edbc \u0111i t\u1ed1n k\u00e9m ti\u1ebfp theo \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea1t m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00e0y l\u00e0 thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf c\u00e1c th\u00e2n t\u00e0u m\u1edbi v\u00e0 l\u1eafp \u0111\u1eb7t h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea9y lai (k\u1ebft h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111i\u1ec7n).<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Theo\u00a0Wall Street Journal<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

B\u1eaft \u0111\u1ea7u t\u1eeb n\u0103m sau, c\u00e1c t\u00e0u v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee1 l\u1edbn s\u1ebd b\u1ecb b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c chuy\u1ec3n sang s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ea1ch v\u1edbi h\u00e0m l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh th\u1ea5p v\u00e0 c\u00f3 gi\u00e1 cao h\u01a1n, \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u m\u1ed9t b\u01b0\u1edbc thay \u0111\u1ed5i l\u1edbn k\u1ec3 t\u1eeb khi ng\u00e0nh v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n chuy\u1ec3n t\u1eeb s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng than sang d\u1ea7u […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":2158,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,32],"class_list":["post-2157","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc-su-kien","category-tin-tuc-hang-hai"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\nV\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed1i m\u1eb7t 50 t\u1ec9 \u0111\u00f4 la chi ph\u00ed chuy\u1ec3n sang nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u s\u1ea1ch - 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