{"id":3236,"date":"2019-08-16T09:07:52","date_gmt":"2019-08-16T02:07:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vimc.co\/?p=3236"},"modified":"2019-08-16T09:07:52","modified_gmt":"2019-08-16T02:07:52","slug":"cac-vung-bien-va-cac-quyen-lien-quan-cua-quoc-gia-ven-bien","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vimc.co\/en\/cac-vung-bien-va-cac-quyen-lien-quan-cua-quoc-gia-ven-bien\/","title":{"rendered":"C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n"},"content":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/a>.<\/p>

C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo UNCLOS 1982.<\/strong><\/p>\n

\"\"<\/p>\n

UNCLOS 1982<\/strong><\/p>\n

UNCLOS 1982 l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1\u00a0Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n\u00a0(ti\u1ebfng Anh: The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea, vi\u1ebft t\u1eaft l\u00e0 UNCLOS 1982).<\/p>\n

Sau 5 n\u0103m h\u1ecdp tr\u00f9 b\u1ecb (1967-1972), n\u0103m 1973, Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tri\u1ec7u t\u1eadp\u00a0H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb l\u1ea7n th\u1ee9 3 v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt bi\u1ec3n. Sau 9 n\u0103m th\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ea3o, v\u1edbi 11 kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdp, ng\u00e0y 30 th\u00e1ng 4 n\u0103m 1982, H\u1ed9i ngh\u1ecb \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n, v\u1edbi t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 130 phi\u1ebfu thu\u1eadn, 4 phi\u1ebfu ch\u1ed1ng, 17 phi\u1ebfu tr\u1eafng v\u00e0 2 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00f4ng tham gia b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu. Sau \u0111\u00f3, ng\u00e0y10 th\u00e1ng 12 n\u0103m 1982, tai Montego Bay (Jamaica), 118 \u0110o\u00e0n \u0111\u1ea1i bi\u1ec3u qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c k\u00fd UNCLOS 1982. C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc c\u00f3 hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c t\u1eeb ng\u00e0y 16 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1994, sau khi c\u00f3 60 qu\u1ed1c gia n\u1ed9p h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n.<\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc bao g\u1ed3m 17 ph\u1ea7n v\u1edbi 320 \u0111i\u1ec1u kho\u1ea3n, 9 Ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c, 4 Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft k\u00e8m theo, ch\u1ee9a \u0111\u1ef1ng kho\u1ea3ng 1.000 quy ph\u1ea1m ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u0103n ki\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p l\u00fd qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf t\u1ed5ng h\u1ee3p, to\u00e0n di\u1ec7n, bao h\u00e0m t\u1ea5t c\u1ea3 nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t trong lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 th\u1ef1c ti\u1ec5n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u1ec1 bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 \u0111\u1ea1i d\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi; trong \u0111\u00f3, quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 th\u1ed1ng nh\u1ea5t ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u1ea1m vi kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n qu\u1ed1c gia c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c n\u01b0\u1edbc ven bi\u1ec3n, quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 c\u1ee7a m\u1ecdi qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 bi\u1ec3n, ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n hay \u0111ang ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n, tr\u00ean nhi\u1ec1u l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c, nh\u01b0 an ninh, b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng, th\u0103m d\u00f2 khai th\u00e1c t\u00e0i nguy\u00ean thi\u00ean nhi\u00ean, giao th\u00f4ng li\u00ean l\u1ea1c, nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u khoa h\u1ecdc v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7\u2026 tr\u00ean c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n qu\u1ed1c gia, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n qu\u1ed1c gia.<\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i dung c\u1ee7a UNCLOS1982 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1c ng\u00f4n ng\u1eef \u1ea2 R\u1eadp, Trung Qu\u1ed1c, Anh, Ph\u00e1p, Nga, T\u00e2y Ban Nha.Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t trong 130 n\u01b0\u1edbc b\u1ecf phi\u1ebfu th\u00f4ng qua C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 sau \u0111\u00f3, n\u0103m 1982, c\u00f9ng 117 n\u01b0\u1edbc kh\u00e1c k\u00fd k\u1ebft C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n

Ng\u00e0y 23\/6\/1994, Qu\u1ed1c h\u1ed9i Vi\u1ec7t Nam \u0111\u00e3 ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc v\u00e0 Vi\u1ec7t Nam ch\u00ednh th\u1ee9c tr\u1edf th\u00e0nh th\u00e0nh vi\u00ean c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n 1982.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf<\/strong><\/p>\n

UNCLOS 1982 \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p v\u1ea1ch \u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf – t\u1ee9c l\u00e0 v\u1ea1ch m\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1eeb \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u1ea1m vi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n. Theo \u0111\u00f3, \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n, kh\u00f4ng thu\u1ed9c nh\u00f3m qu\u1ed1c gia qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o, c\u00f3 2 lo\u1ea1i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0: \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1eb3ng.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng l\u00e0 ng\u1ea5n n\u01b0\u1edbc th\u1ee7y tri\u1ec1u th\u1ea5p nh\u1ea5t d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1eb1ng l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m th\u00edch h\u1ee3p \u1edf nh\u1eefng n\u01a1i m\u00e0 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n b\u1ecb kho\u00e9t s\u00e2u v\u00e0 l\u1ed3i l\u00f5m ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t chu\u1ed7i \u0111\u1ea3o n\u1eb1m s\u00e1t ngay v\u00e0 ch\u1ea1y d\u1ecdc theo b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c n\u01a1i m\u00e0 b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n c\u1ef1c k\u1ef3 kh\u00f4ng \u1ed5n \u0111\u1ecbnh do c\u00f3 s\u1ef1 hi\u1ec7n di\u1ec7n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c ch\u00e2u th\u1ed5 ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c \u0111i\u1ec3m t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Tuy\u1ebfn \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111i ch\u1ec7ch qu\u00e1 xa h\u01b0\u1edbng chung c\u1ee7a b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, v\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u1edf b\u00ean trong c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf n\u00e0y ph\u1ea3i g\u1eafn li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1eb3ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c k\u00e9o \u0111\u1ebfn ho\u1eb7c xu\u1ea5t ph\u00e1t t\u1eeb c\u00e1c b\u00e3i c\u1ea1n l\u00fac n\u1ed5i l\u00fac ch\u00ecm, tr\u1eeb tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p \u1edf \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng \u0111\u00e8n bi\u1ec3n ho\u1eb7c c\u00e1c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u00f4 tr\u00ean m\u1eb7t n\u01b0\u1edbc ho\u1eb7c vi\u1ec7c v\u1ea1ch c\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ef1 th\u1eeba nh\u1eadn chung c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Trong tr\u01b0\u1eddng h\u1ee3p m\u00e0 ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p k\u1ebb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1eb3ng, khi \u1ea5n \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ebfn nh\u1eefng l\u1ee3i \u00edch kinh t\u1ebf ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a khu v\u1ef1c \u0111\u00f3 m\u00e0 th\u1ef1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 t\u1ea7m quan tr\u1ecdng c\u1ee7a n\u00f3 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1ed9t qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e2u d\u00e0i ch\u1ee9ng minh r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng.<\/p>\n

Ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ph\u00e1p \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1eb3ng do m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0m cho l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c b\u1ecb t\u00e1ch kh\u1ecfi bi\u1ec3n c\u1ea3 ho\u1eb7c m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a m\u1ed9t qu\u1ed1c gia do ch\u00ednh qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh tr\u00ean c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u00e1c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a UNCLOS 1982 v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 cho to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t h\u1ec7 t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 \u0111\u1ecba l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i h\u1ea3i \u0111\u1ed3 c\u00f3 t\u1ef7 l\u1ec7 th\u00edch h\u1ee3p. V\u00ec v\u1eady, kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0o b\u1eaft bu\u1ed9c ph\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn h\u00e0nh x\u00e2y d\u1ef1ng c\u00e1c c\u1ed9t m\u1ed1c \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1nh d\u1ea5u v\u1ecb tr\u00ed c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c \u0111o\u1ea1n\u00a0c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u 8, Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: “\u0110\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i Vi\u1ec7t nam l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1eb3ng \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1. Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh v\u00e0 c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf \u1edf nh\u1eefng khu v\u1ef1c ch\u01b0a c\u00f3 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf sau khi \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c U\u1ef7 ban th\u01b0\u1eddng v\u1ee5 Qu\u00f4c h\u1ed9i ph\u00ea chu\u1ea9n”. Theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh n\u00e0y th\u00ec Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Ch\u00ednh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam ng\u00e0y 12 th\u00e1ng 11 n\u0103m 1982 v\u1eabn c\u00f2n hi\u1ec7u l\u1ef1c. Theo \u0111\u00f3, “\u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng th\u1eb3ng g\u1eaby kh\u00fac n\u1ed1i li\u1ec1n c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00f3 t\u1ecda \u0111\u1ed9 ghi trong ph\u1ee5 l\u1ee5c k\u00e8m theo Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 n\u00e0y”.<\/p>\n

Th\u01b0c hi\u00ean \u0110i\u1ec1u 8 c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam, th\u1eddi gian t\u1edbi Vi\u1ec7t Nam s\u1ebd ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c c\u00f4ng b\u1ed1 b\u1ed5 sung m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 \u0111o\u1ea1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1eb3ng c\u00f2n thi\u1ebfu ho\u1eb7c ch\u01b0a ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p.<\/p>\n

\"C\u00c3\u00a1c<\/p>\n

\"C\u00c3\u00a1c<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/p>\n

UNCLOS 1982 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed7i qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n x\u00e1c l\u1eadp c\u00f3 5 lo\u1ea1i v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n quan tr\u1ecdng, g\u1ed3m: n\u1ed9i th\u1ee7y, l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i, v\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i, v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba.<\/p>\n

N\u1ed9i th\u1ee7y<\/strong><\/p>\n

UNCLOS1982 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: “C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf ph\u00eda trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng L\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n l\u00e0 N\u1ed9i th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n”. Theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y, N\u1ed9i th\u1ee7y bao g\u1ed3m c\u1eeda s\u00f4ng, v\u0169ng, v\u1ecbnh, c\u1ea3ng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc \u1edf ph\u00eda trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n; v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc l\u1ecbch s\u1eed c\u0169ng theo ch\u1ebf \u0111\u1ed9 N\u1ed9i th\u1ee7y. N\u1ed9i th\u1ee7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi nh\u01b0 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n

Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam n\u0103m 2012 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh N\u1ed9i th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p v\u1edbi b\u1edd bi\u1ec3n, \u1edf ph\u00eda trong \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf, v\u00e0 l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

L\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i<\/strong><\/p>\n

L\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i (ti\u1ebfng Anh l\u00e0 Territorial Sea, Territorial Water), kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi c\u00e1c kh\u00e1i ni\u1ec7m chung chung nh\u01b0 “h\u1ea3i ph\u1eadn” hay “v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n”. \u0110\u00f3 l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n ven b\u1edd n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n ho\u1eb7c v\u1edbi N\u1ed9i th\u1ee7y c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n, c\u00f3 m\u1ed9t b\u1ec1 r\u1ed9ng nh\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111o t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o ri\u00eang l\u1ebb hay n\u1eb1m trong m\u1ed9t qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 Qu\u1ed1c gia qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o, n\u1ebfu \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng \u0111\u1ee7 ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy \u0111\u1ecbnh t\u1ea1i \u0110i\u1ec1u 121, C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n 1982, thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n, nh\u01b0ng n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i ph\u1ea1m vi l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u00e0y, th\u00ec l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a t\u1eebng \u0111\u1ea3o n\u00e0y c\u0169ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean.<\/p>\n

Chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng L\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i do qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00f4ng qu\u00e1 12 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf theo \u0111\u00fang c\u00e1c ti\u00eau chu\u1ea9n chung do C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n 1982 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

V\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a LHQ v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n n\u0103m 1982 \u0111\u00e3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh r\u1eb1ng: M\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u1edf ngo\u00e0i v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp li\u1ec1n v\u1edbi L\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 V\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i. V\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng qu\u00e1 24 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, V\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n 1982 c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng l\u00e0 12 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\u0110i\u1ec1u 13, Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam quy \u0111\u1ecbnh: “V\u00f9ng ti\u1ebfp gi\u00e1p l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp li\u1ec1n v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i L\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng 12 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd t\u00ednh t\u1eeb ranh gi\u1edbi ngo\u00e0i l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i”.<\/p>\n

V\u00f9ng \u0110\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf<\/strong><\/p>\n

V\u00f9ng \u0110\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf l\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea7u ti\u00ean \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ghi nh\u1eadn trong C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n 1982. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1eb7c th\u00f9, trong \u0111\u00f3 Qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 nh\u1eefng th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t nh\u1eb1m m\u1ee5c \u0111\u00edch kinh t\u1ebf, tu\u00e2n theo nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n 1982. \u0110i\u1ec1u 57, C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n 1982 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng V\u00f9ng \u0110\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf “kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra qu\u00e1 200 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd t\u00ednh t\u1eeb \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf c\u1ee7a L\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i”.Ph\u00f9 h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc 1982, Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n Vi\u1ec7t Nam quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3: V\u00f9ng \u0110\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam l\u00e0 v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n ti\u1ebfp li\u1ec1n v\u00e0 n\u1eb1m ngo\u00e0i L\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i Vi\u1ec7t Nam, h\u1ee3p v\u1edbi L\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i th\u00e0nh m\u1ed9t v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng 200 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd t\u00ednh t\u1eeb c\u01a1 s\u1edf. Theo \u0111\u00f3, chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng th\u1eadt s\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a v\u00f9ng \u0110\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf l\u00e0 188 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd, n\u1ebfu chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng L\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a Qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh l\u00e0 12 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd. Ph\u1ea1m vi kh\u00f4ng gian c\u1ee7a V\u00f9ng \u0110\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n c\u00f2n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng t\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y v\u00e0 l\u00ean v\u00f9ng tr\u1eddi t\u01b0\u01a1ng \u1ee9ng v\u1edbi ph\u1ea7n n\u01b0\u1edbc bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a V\u00f9ng \u0110\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n v\u1ec1 kinh t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba<\/strong><\/p>\n

C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a LHQ v\u1ec1 Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n n\u0103m 1982 \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a Th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00e1p l\u00fd nh\u01b0 sau: ” Th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n bao g\u1ed3m \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n b\u00ean ngo\u00e0i l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3, tr\u00ean to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 ph\u1ea7n k\u00e9o d\u00e0i t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean c\u1ee7a l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3 cho \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1edd ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a r\u00eca l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, ho\u1eb7c \u0111\u1ebfn c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf d\u00f9ng \u0111\u1ec3 t\u00ednh chi\u1ec1u r\u1ed9ng l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i 200 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd khi b\u1edd ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a r\u00eca l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3 \u1edf kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch g\u1ea7n h\u01a1n”.<\/p>\n

Nh\u01b0 v\u00e2y, Th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00e1p l\u00fd theo \u0111\u1ecbnh ngh\u0129a n\u00e0y bao g\u1ed3m to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 R\u00eca l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba (Th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean, D\u1ed1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba v\u00e0 B\u1edd ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a R\u00eca l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba). \u1ede n\u01a1i n\u00e0o R\u00eca l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba kh\u00f4ng ra \u0111\u1ebfn 200 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd th\u00ec Th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ph\u00e1p l\u00fd \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c m\u1edf r\u1ed9ng ra \u0111\u1ebfn 200 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd. \u1ede n\u01a1i n\u00e0o R\u00eca l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 200 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd th\u00ec ranh gi\u1edbi ngo\u00e0i c\u1ee7a Th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh b\u1eb1ng c\u00e1ch n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u1edf n\u01a1i m\u00e0 b\u1ec1 d\u00e0y tr\u1ea7m t\u00edch \u00edt nh\u1ea5t c\u0169ng b\u1eb1ng 1% kho\u1ea3ng c\u00e1ch t\u1eeb c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2n d\u1ed1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba, ho\u1eb7c n\u1ed1i c\u00e1c \u0111i\u1ec3m c\u00e1ch ch\u00e2n d\u1ed1c l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba nhi\u1ec1u nh\u1ea5t l\u00e0 60 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd. Tuy nhi\u00ean, d\u00f9 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh nh\u01b0 tr\u00ean, gi\u1edbi h\u1ea1n t\u1ed1i \u0111a c\u1ee7a Th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c v\u01b0\u1ee3t qu\u00e1 350 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd hay kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00e1ch \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1eb3ng s\u00e2u 2.500m qu\u00e1 100 h\u1ea3i l\u00fd.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o xa b\u1edd c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n, n\u1ebfu th\u00edch h\u1ee3p cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi sinh s\u1ed1ng v\u00e0 c\u00f3 \u0111\u1eddi kinh t\u1ebf ri\u00eang, th\u00ec m\u1edbi c\u00f3 v\u00f9ng Th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba ri\u00eang c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c \u0111\u1ea3o \u0111\u00f3.<\/p>\n

C\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/p>\n

UNCLOS quy \u0111\u1ecbnh m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 quy\u1ec1n c\u01a1 b\u1ea3n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, g\u1ed3m: ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n qu\u1ed1c gia”<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia<\/strong><\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i cao c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia trong ph\u1ea1m vi l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed9c l\u1eadp c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia trong quan h\u1ec7 qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf.<\/p>\n

Trong ph\u1ea1m vi l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, qu\u1ed1c gia c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n t\u1ed1i cao v\u1ec1 l\u1eadp ph\u00e1p, h\u00e0nh ph\u00e1p v\u00e0 t\u01b0 ph\u00e1p. M\u1ecdi v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 ch\u00ednh tr\u1ecb, kinh t\u1ebf, v\u0103n ho\u00e1, x\u00e3 h\u1ed9i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ph\u1ea3i do qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n can thi\u1ec7p. M\u1ecdi t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, c\u00e1 nh\u00e2n c\u01b0 tr\u00fa tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3 ph\u1ea3i tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia n\u1ebfu \u0111i\u1ec1u \u01b0\u1edbc qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf m\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00e3 k\u00fd k\u1ebft kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n

Ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n<\/strong><\/p>\n

Qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i, \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7, to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n \u1edf trong v\u00f9ng n\u1ed9i th\u1ee7y, b\u1edfi v\u00ec, n\u1ed9i th\u1ee7y \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c coi l\u00e0 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n nh\u01b0 ao h\u1ed3, s\u00f4ng su\u1ed1i, c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng n\u01b0\u1edbc n\u1eb1m trong \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

\u0110\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i th\u00ec qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch tuy\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i. T\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c quy\u1ec1n “\u0111i qua v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i” trong l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng quy \u0111\u1ecbnh ki\u1ec3m so\u00e1t ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n theo quy \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a UNCLOS1982. Tuy nhi\u00ean, c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n v\u1eabn \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec3n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi v\u00f9ng l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n. Ngh\u0129a l\u00e0 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh \u0111\u1ea7y \u0111\u1ee7 v\u00e0 to\u00e0n v\u1eb9n c\u1ea3 v\u00f9ng tr\u1eddi tr\u00ean l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i, v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n, \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 l\u00f2ng \u0111\u1ea5t d\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111\u00e1y bi\u1ec3n trong l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i. M\u1ecdi ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c trong n\u1ed9i th\u1ee7y, l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng tu\u00e2n th\u1ee7 lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 Lu\u1eadt ph\u00e1p qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf hi\u1ec7n h\u00e0nh, \u0111\u1ec1u b\u1ecb coi l\u00e0 h\u00e0nh \u0111\u1ed9ng x\u00e2m ph\u1ea1m bi\u00ean gi\u1edbi, l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u00ean; qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 quy\u1ec1n s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng m\u1ecdi bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p, k\u1ec3 c\u1ea3 bi\u1ec7n ph\u00e1p qu\u00e2n s\u1ef1 \u0111\u1ec3 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n qu\u1ed1c gia trong ph\u1ea1m vi n\u1ed9i th\u1ee7y v\u00e0 l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c l\u1eadp theo \u0111\u00fang qui \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a UNCLOS 1982.<\/p>\n

Trong Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, ngo\u00e0i vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c thi v\u00e0 b\u1ea3o v\u1ec1 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u1edf v\u00f9ng n\u1ed9i th\u1ee7y, l\u00e3nh h\u1ea3i m\u00e0 ph\u1ea1m vi c\u1ee7a ch\u00fang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c t\u00ednh t\u1eeb h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng c\u01a1 s\u1edf th\u1eb3ng theo Tuy\u00ean b\u1ed1 c\u1ee7a Chinh ph\u1ee7 Vi\u1ec7t Nam, Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f2n c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi nhi\u1ec1u \u0111\u1ea3o, qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o trong Bi\u1ec3n \u0110\u00f4ng, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa, Ho\u00e0ng Sa.<\/p>\n

Hi\u1ec7n nay, Trung Qu\u1ed1c \u0111ang chi\u1ebfm gi\u1eef tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Ho\u00e0ng Sa; Trung Qu\u1ed1c v\u00e0 m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c trong khu v\u1ef1c \u0111ang chi\u1ebfm \u0111\u00f3ng tr\u00e1i ph\u00e9p m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u1ef1c th\u1ec3 thu\u1ed9c qu\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ea3o Tr\u01b0\u1eddng Sa c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam.<\/p>\n

Quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n qu\u1ed1c gia<\/strong><\/p>\n

Quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ri\u00eang bi\u1ec7t c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c thi trong ph\u1ea1m vi v\u00f9ng \u0111\u1eb7c quy\u1ec1n kinh t\u1ebf v\u00e0 th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba. \u0110\u00e2y l\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n c\u00f3 ngu\u1ed3n g\u1ed1c ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n , mang t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n.<\/p>\n

Quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n l\u00e0 h\u1ec7 qu\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, c\u00f3 t\u00e1c d\u1ee5ng b\u1ed5 tr\u1ee3 t\u1ea1o ra m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n. Nh\u01b0 v\u1eady, quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n g\u1eafn b\u00f3 ch\u1eb7t ch\u1ebd v\u1edbi l\u00e3nh th\u1ed5 qu\u1ed1c gia. Tuy v\u1eady, quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n c\u0169ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 th\u1ef1c thi \u1edf n\u01a1i m\u00e0 qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3 kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n. Ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n, quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n treo c\u1edd c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia \u0111\u00f3 khi ch\u00fang \u0111ang ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng trong c\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c. Quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n theo ngh\u0129a r\u1ed9ng bao g\u1ed3m:<\/p>\n

– Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0a ra c\u00e1c quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh, quy ph\u1ea1m;<\/p>\n

– Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n gi\u00e1m s\u00e1t vi\u1ec7c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n;<\/p>\n

– Th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n x\u00e9t x\u1eed c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a \u00e1n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t l\u0129nh v\u1ef1c c\u1ee5 th\u1ec3; theo ngh\u0129a h\u1eb9p \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 th\u1ea9m quy\u1ec1n ph\u00e1p \u0111\u1ecbnh c\u1ee7a t\u00f2a \u00e1n khi x\u00e9t x\u1eed m\u1ed9t ng\u01b0\u1eddi hay m\u1ed9t vi\u1ec7c.<\/p>\n

Khi th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a m\u00ecnh, qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n c\u00f3 ngh\u0129a v\u1ee5 t\u00f4n tr\u1ecdng quy\u1ec1n l\u1ee3i c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c, kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi c\u1ea3n tr\u1edf quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i v\u00e0 t\u1ef1 do h\u00e0ng kh\u00f4ng c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u thuy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n bay, quy\u1ec1n t\u1ef1 do \u0111\u1eb7t c\u00e1p v\u00e0 \u00f4ng d\u1eabn d\u1ea7u ng\u1ea7m; kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c c\u00f3 h\u00e0nh vi ph\u00e2n bi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed1i x\u1eed trong vi\u1ec7c c\u00e1c qu\u1ed1c gia kh\u00e1c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c UNCLOS 1982 quy \u0111\u1ecbnh.<\/p>\n

VTV.VN<\/strong><\/p>\n

<\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Sorry, this entry is only available in Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t.C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo UNCLOS 1982. UNCLOS 1982 UNCLOS 1982 l\u00e0 t\u00ean g\u1ecdi t\u1eaft c\u1ee7a c\u1ee5m t\u1eeb C\u00f4ng \u01b0\u1edbc c\u1ee7a Li\u00ean H\u1ee3p Qu\u1ed1c v\u1ec1\u00a0Lu\u1eadt Bi\u1ec3n\u00a0(ti\u1ebfng […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":3237,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,34],"class_list":["post-3236","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc-su-kien","category-tin-kinh-te-xa-hoi"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/vimc.co\/cac-vung-bien-va-cac-quyen-lien-quan-cua-quoc-gia-ven-bien\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"[:vi]C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 c\u00e1c quy\u1ec1n li\u00ean quan c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n[:] - VIMC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sorry, this entry is only available in Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t.C\u00e1c v\u00f9ng bi\u1ec3n v\u00e0 th\u1ec1m l\u1ee5c \u0111\u1ecba thu\u1ed9c ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n, quy\u1ec1n ch\u1ee7 quy\u1ec1n v\u00e0 quy\u1ec1n t\u00e0i ph\u00e1n c\u1ee7a qu\u1ed1c gia ven bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c x\u00e1c \u0111\u1ecbnh theo UNCLOS 1982. 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