{"id":4253,"date":"2020-03-06T07:31:51","date_gmt":"2020-03-06T00:31:51","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vimc.co\/?p=4253"},"modified":"2020-03-05T09:42:09","modified_gmt":"2020-03-05T02:42:09","slug":"chien-luoc-giam-phat-thai-ghg-cua-imo-va-nhien-lieu-hang-hai-thay-the","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vimc.co\/en\/chien-luoc-giam-phat-thai-ghg-cua-imo-va-nhien-lieu-hang-hai-thay-the\/","title":{"rendered":"Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i GHG c\u1ee7a IMO v\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i thay th\u1ebf"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"qtranxs-available-languages-message qtranxs-available-languages-message-en\">Sorry, this entry is only available in <a href=\"https:\/\/vimc.co\/vi\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4253\" class=\"qtranxs-available-language-link qtranxs-available-language-link-vi\" title=\"Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t\">Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t<\/a>.<\/p><p>V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ed7i n\u0103m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kho\u1ea3ng 940 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n CO2 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 2,5% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh (GHG) to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. T\u1ea1i kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdp th\u1ee9 72, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 13\/4\/2018, \u1ee6y ban B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (MEPC) c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf (IMO) \u0111\u00e3 th\u00f4ng qua Ngh\u1ecb quy\u1ebft MEPC.304(72) v\u1ec1 chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c \u0111\u1ea7y tham v\u1ecdng nh\u1eb1m thu h\u1eb9p l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i GHG trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng n\u0103m xu\u1ed1ng 50% c\u1ee7a m\u1ee9c n\u0103m 2008 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050, v\u1edbi m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau cu\u1ed1i c\u00f9ng l\u00e0 ng\u00e0nh c\u00f4ng nghi\u1ec7p v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 c\u00e1c bon v\u00e0o cu\u1ed1i th\u1ebf k\u1ef7 21. C\u1ee5 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi CO2, m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau c\u1ee7a chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c l\u00e0 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i trung b\u00ecnh 40% so v\u1edbi m\u1ee9c c\u1ee7a n\u0103m 2008 v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2030, v\u00e0 ti\u1ebfp t\u1ee5c gi\u1ea3m t\u1edbi m\u1ee9c 70% v\u00e0o n\u0103m 2050.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.vr.org.vn\/PublishingImages\/tau%20bien3.jpg?RenditionID=10\" \/><\/p>\n<p>C\u1ed9ng \u0111\u1ed3ng h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i b\u00e0y t\u1ecf quan ng\u1ea1i vi\u1ec7c c\u1ea3i ti\u1ebfn thi\u1ebft k\u1ebf v\u00e0 v\u1eadn h\u00e0nh t\u00e0u th\u00f4ng qua c\u00e1c c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 ti\u1ebft ki\u1ec7m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u1ee7 \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u00e1p \u1ee9ng c\u00e1c m\u1ee5c ti\u00eau n\u00eau tr\u00ean. Do \u0111\u00f3, chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i ph\u1ea7n l\u1edbn n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho t\u00e0u th\u1ee7y t\u1eeb nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00f3a th\u1ea1ch sang n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u00e1c bon th\u1ea5p thay th\u1ebf, trong \u0111\u00f3 bao g\u1ed3m n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o trong t\u01b0\u01a1ng lai l\u00e0 c\u1ea7n thi\u1ebft. M\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u thay th\u1ebf kh\u00e1c nhau \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong ng\u00e0nh h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i.<\/p>\n<p><strong>LNG\/LPG<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng kh\u00ed t\u1ef1 nhi\u00ean h\u00f3a l\u1ecfng (LNG) l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i l\u00e0 m\u1edbi. Ch\u00ednh c\u00e1c t\u00e0u ch\u1edf LNG \u0111\u00e3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u1ec3 ch\u1ea1y c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i m\u00e1y c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u t\u1eeb \u0111\u1ea7u nh\u1eefng n\u0103m 1960. Theo c\u00e1c nh\u00e0 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i, vi\u1ec7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng LNG c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 t\u1eeb 20-25%.<\/p>\n<p>Kh\u00ed d\u1ea7u m\u1ecf h\u00f3a l\u1ecfng (LPG) hi\u1ec7n m\u1edbi \u0111ang trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh th\u1eed nghi\u1ec7m tr\u00ean m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 t\u00e0u. L\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng LPG c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 gi\u1ea3m t\u1edbi 20%.<\/p>\n<p>C\u00e1c th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c l\u1edbn nh\u1ea5t khi s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng LNG\/LPG l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i l\u00e0 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 ch\u00e1y c\u1ee7a c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed n\u00e0y \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi c\u00e1c h\u1ec7 th\u1ed1ng nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u c\u1ee7a t\u00e0u r\u1ea5t ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p v\u00e0 y\u00eau c\u1ea7u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 m\u1ea1ng l\u01b0\u1edbi d\u1ef1 tr\u1eef, cung c\u1ea5p nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u chuy\u00ean bi\u1ec7t t\u1ea1i c\u00e1c c\u1ea3ng tr\u00ean th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Ethanol\/Metanol<\/strong><\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: center;\"><img decoding=\"async\" src=\"http:\/\/www.vr.org.vn\/contents\/News\/PublishingImages\/Lists\/News\/AllItems\/tau%20bien2.jpg?RenditionID=10\" alt=\"tau bien2.jpg\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Kinh nghi\u1ec7m s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng methanol cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i c\u00f2n r\u1ea5t \u00edt do s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u1ee9ng d\u1ee5ng h\u1ea1n ch\u1ebf. Gi\u00e1 tr\u1ecb nhi\u1ec7t l\u01b0\u1ee3ng c\u1ee7a methanol ch\u1ec9 b\u1eb1ng m\u1ed9t n\u1eeda so v\u1edbi d\u1ea7u diesel, do \u0111\u00f3 \u0111\u00f2i h\u1ecfi t\u00e0u ph\u1ea3i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u00edch k\u00e9t ch\u1ee9a nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u g\u1ea5p \u0111\u00f4i ho\u1eb7c ph\u1ea3i th\u01b0\u1eddng xuy\u00ean nh\u1eadn nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u01a1n. Methanol c\u00f3 t\u00ednh ch\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n m\u1ea1nh h\u01a1n nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u th\u00f4ng th\u01b0\u1eddng, n\u00ean c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd vi\u1ec7c l\u1ef1a ch\u1ecdn v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u th\u00edch h\u1ee3p ho\u1eb7c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u1edbp ph\u1ee7 \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t c\u00f3 kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng ch\u1ecbu \u0103n m\u00f2n.<\/p>\n<p>Hi\u1ec7n t\u1ea1i, ethanol ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng tr\u00ean t\u00e0u. Tuy nhi\u00ean, lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y \u0111\u00e3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 diesel trong v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i. C\u00e1c \u0111\u1eb7c t\u00ednh c\u1ee7a ethanol, nh\u01b0 m\u1eadt \u0111\u1ed9 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng, \u0111\u1ed9 nh\u1edbt, kh\u1ea3 n\u0103ng b\u00f4i tr\u01a1n v\u00e0 \u0111i\u1ec3m ch\u1edbp ch\u00e1y t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 metanol. Ethanol c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 methanol \u0111\u1ec1u kh\u00f4ng ch\u1ee9a l\u01b0u hu\u1ef3nh, c\u00f3 t\u00edch ch\u1ea5t \u0103n m\u00f2n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 lo\u1ea1i v\u1eadt li\u1ec7u v\u00e0 tan nhanh trong n\u01b0\u1edbc. Tuy nhi\u00ean, kh\u00e1c v\u1edbi methanol, ethanol kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c ph\u00e2n lo\u1ea1i l\u00e0 ch\u1ea5t \u0111\u1ed9c h\u1ea1i cho con ng\u01b0\u1eddi. C\u1ea3 methanol v\u00e0 etanol \u0111\u1ec1u ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i CO2 th\u1ea5p.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Hydro<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Cho \u0111\u1ebfn nay, hydro l\u1ecfng ch\u01b0a \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i. Pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u (fuel cell) c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111\u1ec3 chuy\u1ec3n \u0111\u1ed5i hydro c\u1ea5t gi\u1eef trong k\u00e9t ch\u1ee9a \u0111i\u1ec1u \u00e1p th\u00e0nh \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ea9y v\u00e0 n\u0103ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111i\u1ec7n tr\u00ean t\u00e0u. M\u1ed9t trong nh\u1eefng th\u00e1ch th\u1ee9c k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt l\u00e0 duy tr\u00ec nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u hydro l\u1ecfng \u1edf nhi\u1ec7t \u0111\u1ed9 \u00e2m 2500C \u0111\u1ec3 tr\u00e1nh b\u1ecb bay h\u01a1i. Hydro l\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i kh\u00ed r\u1ea5t d\u1ec5 n\u1ed5, n\u00ean b\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 ch\u1ed1ng r\u00f2 r\u1ec9 kh\u00ed l\u00e0 m\u1ed9t ph\u1ea7n quan tr\u1ecdng trong c\u00e1c y\u00eau c\u1ea7u an to\u00e0n \u0111\u1ed1i v\u1edbi lo\u1ea1i nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u n\u00e0y. Kh\u1ed1i l\u01b0\u1ee3ng l\u1edbn c\u00f4ng vi\u1ec7c nghi\u00ean c\u1ee9u v\u00e0 ph\u00e1t tri\u1ec3n \u0111ang \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c th\u1ef1c hi\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 t\u1ea1o ra hydro m\u1ed9t c\u00e1ch b\u1ec1n v\u1eefng, v\u00ed d\u1ee5 nh\u01b0 c\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng \u0111i\u1ec7n n\u0103ng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t t\u1eeb ngu\u1ed3n l\u01b0\u1ee3ng t\u00e1i t\u1ea1o (gi\u00f3, s\u00f3ng, m\u1eb7t tr\u1eddi, \u2026) d\u01b0 th\u1eeba kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0a v\u00e0o l\u01b0\u1edbi \u0111i\u1ec7n \u0111\u1ec3 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t hydro t\u1eeb \u0111i\u1ec7n ph\u00e2n n\u01b0\u1edbc.<\/p>\n<p><strong>Amoniac<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>Amoniac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t quy m\u00f4 l\u1edbn tr\u00ean to\u00e0n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi cho ng\u00e0nh ph\u00e2n b\u00f3n. C\u00f4ng ngh\u1ec7 s\u1ea3n xu\u1ea5t, l\u01b0u tr\u1eef v\u00e0 v\u1eadn chuy\u1ec3n amoniac c\u1ea3 tr\u00ean \u0111\u1ea5t li\u1ec1n v\u00e0 tr\u00ean bi\u1ec3n \u0111\u00e3 r\u1ea5t ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn. Amoniac c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng l\u00e0 ngu\u1ed3n hydro cho pin nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u. C\u00f3 th\u1ec3 s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng amoniac l\u00e0m nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u cho \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong. Khi amoniac b\u1ecb \u0111\u1ed1t ch\u00e1y trong \u0111\u1ed9ng c\u01a1 \u0111\u1ed1t trong s\u1ebd kh\u00f4ng t\u1ea1o ra CO2. Tuy nhi\u00ean, amoniac c\u00f3 \u0111\u1ed9c t\u00ednh cao, t\u1ea1o nh\u1eefng lo ng\u1ea1i v\u1ec1 an to\u00e0n v\u01b0\u1ee3t xa c\u00e1c nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u truy\u1ec1n th\u1ed1ng. \u0110i\u1ec1u n\u00e0y c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 g\u00e2y kh\u00f3 kh\u0103n khi amoniac \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c s\u1eed d\u1ee5ng trong m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n.<\/p>\n<p style=\"text-align: right;\"><strong>Nguy\u1ec5n H\u1ea3i\/C\u1ee5c \u0110KVN<\/strong><\/p>\n<p><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Sorry, this entry is only available in Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t.V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ed7i n\u0103m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kho\u1ea3ng 940 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n CO2 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 2,5% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh (GHG) to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. T\u1ea1i kh\u00f3a h\u1ecdp th\u1ee9 72, v\u00e0o ng\u00e0y 13\/4\/2018, \u1ee6y ban B\u1ea3o v\u1ec7 m\u00f4i tr\u01b0\u1eddng (MEPC) c\u1ee7a T\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c H\u00e0ng [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":1847,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,32],"class_list":["post-4253","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc-su-kien","category-tin-tuc-hang-hai"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"<!-- This site is optimized with the Yoast SEO plugin v24.7 - https:\/\/yoast.com\/wordpress\/plugins\/seo\/ -->\n<title><\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/vimc.co\/chien-luoc-giam-phat-thai-ghg-cua-imo-va-nhien-lieu-hang-hai-thay-the\/\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"en_US\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"[:vi]Chi\u1ebfn l\u01b0\u1ee3c gi\u1ea3m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i GHG c\u1ee7a IMO v\u00e0 nhi\u00ean li\u1ec7u h\u00e0ng h\u1ea3i thay th\u1ebf[:] - VIMC\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Sorry, this entry is only available in Ti\u1ebfng Vi\u1ec7t.V\u1eadn t\u1ea3i bi\u1ec3n th\u1ebf gi\u1edbi m\u1ed7i n\u0103m ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kho\u1ea3ng 940 tri\u1ec7u t\u1ea5n CO2 v\u00e0 chi\u1ebfm kho\u1ea3ng 2,5% t\u1ed5ng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng ph\u00e1t th\u1ea3i kh\u00ed nh\u00e0 k\u00ednh (GHG) to\u00e0n c\u1ea7u. 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