{"id":900,"date":"2018-11-05T03:29:25","date_gmt":"2018-11-05T03:29:25","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/vimc.darkvn.net\/?p=900"},"modified":"2019-01-14T03:31:50","modified_gmt":"2019-01-14T03:31:50","slug":"chien-tranh-thuong-mai-va-nhung-van-de-luu-y-trong-giao-thuong-quoc-te","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vimc.co\/en\/chien-tranh-thuong-mai-va-nhung-van-de-luu-y-trong-giao-thuong-quoc-te\/","title":{"rendered":"Chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i v\u00e0 nh\u1eefng v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 l\u01b0u \u00fd trong giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf"},"content":{"rendered":"\n
\n\nTheo g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean gia kinh t\u1ebf, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 \u2013 Trung v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i, b\u1edfi r\u1ea5t c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 nguy\u00ean nh\u00e2n c\u1ee7a nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 ki\u1ec7n c\u00e1o ph\u1ee9c t\u1ea1p. \u00ad<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d4ng Nguy\u1ec5n Xu\u00e2n Th\u00e0nh, Tr\u01b0\u1eddng \u0110\u1ea1i h\u1ecdc Fulbright Vi\u1ec7t Nam nh\u1eadn x\u00e9t, d\u1ef1a v\u00e0o s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u th\u1ed1ng k\u00ea kim ng\u1ea1ch nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a Hoa K\u1ef3, trong 818 d\u00f2ng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m m\u00e0 Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ecbu thu\u1ebf tr\u1eebng ph\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ee3t n\u00e0y, c\u00e1c m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam xu\u1ea5t sang M\u1ef9 n\u0103m 2017 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 tr\u1ecb gi\u00e1 1,2 t\u1ef7 USD v\u00e0 5 th\u00e1ng \u0111\u1ea7u n\u0103m 2018 ch\u1ec9 c\u00f3 545 tri\u1ec7u USD.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ec th\u1ebf, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 t\u1eadn d\u1ee5ng gia t\u0103ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u sang M\u1ef9 khi h\u00e0ng Trung Qu\u1ed1c ch\u1ecbu thu\u1ebf l\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng \u0111\u00e1ng k\u1ec3. H\u01a1n th\u1ebf, v\u00ec nh\u1eefng s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m b\u1ecb \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng trung gian, g\u1ed3m m\u00e1y m\u00f3c, thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb c\u01a1 kh\u00ed, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng ti\u1ec7n v\u1eadn t\u1ea3i\u2026, ch\u1ee9 kh\u00f4ng ph\u1ea3i h\u00e0ng ti\u00eau d\u00f9ng, v\u00ec th\u1ebf, n\u1ebfu Trung Qu\u1ed1c kh\u00f4ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c sang M\u1ef9 th\u00ec c\u0169ng kh\u00f3 t\u00ecm \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u1ebfn ch\u00e2u \u00c1, trong \u0111\u00f3 c\u00f3 Vi\u1ec7t Nam (xem \u0111\u1ed3 th\u1ecb).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Theo \u00f4ng Th\u00e0nh, ngay c\u1ea3 trong \u0111\u1ee3t t\u0103ng thu\u1ebf v\u1eeba qua khi Hoa K\u1ef3 quy\u1ebft \u0111\u1ecbnh \u0111\u00e1nh thu\u1ebf 25% l\u00ean th\u00eam 16 t\u1ef7 USD h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u t\u1eeb Trung Qu\u1ed1c, c\u00e1c s\u1ea3n ph\u1ea9m c\u0169ng t\u01b0\u01a1ng t\u1ef1 nh\u01b0 \u0111\u1ee3t 1, \u0111\u00f3 l\u00e0 h\u00e0ng trung gian, m\u00e1y m\u00f3c thi\u1ebft b\u1ecb.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00e1c \u0111\u1ed9ng tr\u1ef1c ti\u1ebfp l\u00ean kim ng\u1ea1ch xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u c\u1ee7a Vi\u1ec7t Nam c\u0169ng v\u1eabn nh\u1ecf. Tuy nhi\u00ean, nh\u1eefng t\u00e1c h\u1ea1i l\u1edbn h\u01a1n t\u1eeb chi\u1ebfn tranh th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i l\u1ea1i \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb c\u00e1c kh\u00eda c\u1ea1nh kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 ti\u1ec1n t\u1ec7, t\u00e2m l\u00fd, c\u00e1c r\u00e0o c\u1ea3n k\u1ef9 thu\u1eadt v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u v\u00e0 c\u1ea3 gian l\u1eadn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u1ea1i cu\u1ed9c h\u1ed9i th\u1ea3o m\u1edbi \u0111\u00e2y do Trung t\u00e2m Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam (VIAC) ph\u1ed1i h\u1ee3p c\u00f9ng Trung t\u00e2m H\u1ed7 tr\u1ee3 h\u1ed9i nh\u1eadp qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf TP. HCM t\u1ed5 ch\u1ee9c, lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 L\u00ea Th\u00e0nh K\u00ednh, Gi\u00e1m \u0111\u1ed1c C\u00f4ng ty Lu\u1eadt L\u00ea Nguy\u1ec5n \u0111\u00e3 chia s\u1ebb nhi\u1ec1u v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c tranh ch\u1ea5p v\u00e0 sai s\u00f3t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn b\u1ed9 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, c\u00e1c v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 to\u00e0n b\u1ed9 h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u \u0111\u1ec3 th\u00f4ng quan, l\u00e0m gi\u1ea3 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n v\u00e0 th\u01b0 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
\u00d4ng K\u00ednh cho bi\u1ebft, b\u1ed9 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u g\u1ed3m r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u gi\u1ea5y t\u1edd nh\u01b0 h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i, v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n, phi\u1ebfu \u0111\u00f3ng g\u00f3i h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, t\u1edd khai h\u1ea3i quan, t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng th\u01b0, ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb b\u1ea3o hi\u1ec3m, gi\u1ea5y ch\u1ee9ng nh\u1eadn xu\u1ea5t x\u1ee9, ch\u1ee9ng th\u01b0 ki\u1ec3m \u0111\u1ecbnh, c\u00e1c lo\u1ea1i ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
C\u0169ng c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd th\u00eam khi l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c, h\u1ea3i quan s\u1ebd \u0111\u1ec3 \u00fd k\u1ef9 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin tr\u00ean h\u1ee3p \u0111\u1ed3ng nh\u01b0 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a, t\u00ean h\u00e0ng s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng \u0111\u01a1n gi\u00e1, \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n c\u01a1 s\u1edf giao h\u00e0ng FOB, CNF, ph\u01b0\u01a1ng th\u1ee9c thanh to\u00e1n: T\/T, D\/A, L\/C\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
V\u00ec v\u1eady, khi chu\u1ea9n b\u1ecb h\u1ed3 s\u01a1 v\u00e0 l\u00ean t\u1edd khai, doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea7n \u0111\u1ecdc k\u1ef9 nh\u1eefng th\u00f4ng tin n\u00e0y v\u00e0 n\u00ean ki\u1ec3m tra ch\u00e9o v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c (Invoice, Packing List, C\/O\u2026) \u0111\u1ec3 \u0111\u1ea3m b\u1ea3o t\u00ednh ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng v\u1ee5 vi\u1ec7c v\u00e0 sai s\u00f3t \u0111i\u1ec3n h\u00ecnh m\u00e0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 th\u01b0\u1eddng x\u1eed l\u00fd \u0111\u1ebfn t\u1eeb h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n hay b\u1ecb sai s\u00f3t m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 n\u1ed9i dung quan tr\u1ecdng nh\u01b0 h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n \u0111i\u1ec1u ki\u1ec7n giao h\u00e0ng nh\u01b0 FOB (k\u00e8m t\u00ean c\u1ea3ng xu\u1ea5t) hay CIF (k\u00e8m t\u00ean c\u1ea3ng nh\u1eadp).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng theo gi\u00e1 giao h\u00e0ng (gi\u00e1 CIF ch\u1eb3ng h\u1ea1n), nh\u01b0ng ch\u1ec9 ghi h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n theo gi\u00e1 FOB t\u1ea1i n\u01a1i x\u1ebfp h\u00e0ng v\u00e0 c\u0169ng kh\u00f4ng ghi nh\u1eefng chi ph\u00ed ti\u1ebfp theo sau.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ng\u01b0\u1eddi giao h\u00e0ng n\u01b0\u1edbc ngo\u00e0i b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng c\u00f3 chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u, nh\u01b0ng tr\u00ean h\u00f3a \u0111\u01a1n ch\u1ec9 ghi gi\u00e1 th\u1ef1c thu, m\u00e0 kh\u00f4ng th\u1ec3 hi\u1ec7n s\u1ed1 ti\u1ec1n chi\u1ebft kh\u1ea5u. C\u00e1c b\u00ean m\u00f4 t\u1ea3 h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a kh\u00f4ng r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, thi\u1ebfu m\u1ed9t s\u1ed1 th\u00f4ng tin y\u00eau c\u1ea7u, g\u1ed9p nhi\u1ec1u m\u1eb7t h\u00e0ng v\u00e0o c\u00f9ng m\u1ed9t lo\u1ea1i\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 K\u00ednh \u0111\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t l\u01b0u \u00fd c\u00e1c doanh nghi\u1ec7p c\u1ea9n th\u1eadn khi l\u1eadp v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n (B\/L). Theo \u0111\u00f3, v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ng\u01b0\u1eddi l\u00e0m th\u1ee7 t\u1ee5c h\u00e0ng nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u, trong khi \u0111\u1ecdc v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n \u0111\u01b0\u1eddng bi\u1ec3n, c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung quan tr\u1ecdng s\u1ebd ph\u1ea3i nh\u1eadp v\u00e0o t\u1edd khai h\u1ea3i quan, n\u00ean \u0111\u1ed1i chi\u1ebfu s\u1ed1 li\u1ec7u v\u1edbi nh\u1eefng ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb kh\u00e1c nh\u01b0 Packing List, Commercial Invoice, Certificate of Origin.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Nh\u1eefng n\u1ed9i dung c\u1ea7n l\u01b0u \u00fd nh\u01b0 s\u1ed1 v\u00e0 ng\u00e0y v\u1eadn \u0111\u01a1n, t\u00ean c\u1ea3ng x\u1ebfp d\u1ee1 h\u00e0ng, s\u1ed1 container, s\u1ed1 seal, s\u1ed1 l\u01b0\u1ee3ng v\u00e0 lo\u1ea1i ki\u1ec7n, tr\u1ecdng l\u01b0\u1ee3ng to\u00e0n b\u1ed9. C\u00f2n v\u1edbi h\u00e0ng xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u, c\u1ea7n ki\u1ec3m tra B\/L k\u1ef9 l\u01b0\u1ee1ng t\u1eeb b\u1ea3n nh\u00e1p \u0111\u1ec3 c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 ph\u00e1t hi\u1ec7n sai s\u00f3t. N\u1ebfu ph\u1ea3i s\u1eeda ch\u1eefa n\u1ed9i dung B\/L th\u00ec c\u1ea7n l\u00e0m s\u1edbm, tr\u00e1nh ph\u00e1t sinh ph\u00ed s\u1eeda \u0111\u01a1n m\u00e0 h\u00e3ng t\u00e0i c\u00f3 th\u1ec3 \u00e1p d\u1ee5ng.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Li\u00ean quan \u0111\u1ebfn th\u01b0 t\u00edn d\u1ee5ng (L\/C), c\u00e1c lu\u1eadt s\u01b0 c\u0169ng c\u1ea3nh b\u00e1o t\u00ecnh tr\u1ea1ng kh\u00e1 ph\u1ed5 bi\u1ebfn l\u00e0 doanh nghi\u1ec7p xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u thi\u1ebfu hi\u1ec3u bi\u1ebft s\u00e2u s\u1eafc v\u1ec1 giao d\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng L\/C, c\u0169ng nh\u01b0 c\u00e1c v\u0103n b\u1ea3n ph\u00e1p lu\u1eadt qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf li\u00ean quan \u0111i\u1ec1u ch\u1ec9nh v\u1ec1 v\u1ea5n \u0111\u1ec1 thanh to\u00e1n qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf v\u00e0 mua b\u00e1n h\u00e0ng h\u00f3a qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong doanh nghi\u1ec7p xu\u1ea5t nh\u1eadp kh\u1ea9u th\u01b0\u1eddng kh\u00f4ng c\u00f3 b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn chuy\u00ean tr\u00e1ch v\u00e0 quy tr\u00ecnh giao d\u1ecbch b\u1eb1ng L\/C, ho\u1eb7c c\u00f3, nh\u01b0ng b\u1ed9 ph\u1eadn n\u00e0y y\u1ebfu, thi\u1ebfu kinh nghi\u1ec7m v\u00e0 ho\u1ea1t \u0111\u1ed9ng kh\u00f4ng hi\u1ec7u qu\u1ea3.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Trong qu\u00e1 tr\u00ecnh so\u1ea1n th\u1ea3o L\/C, doanh nghi\u1ec7p xu\u1ea5t kh\u1ea9u th\u01b0\u1eddng m\u1eafc ph\u1ea3i sai s\u00f3t khi l\u1eadp b\u1ed9 ch\u1ee9ng t\u1eeb nh\u01b0 l\u1ed7i c\u1ea9u th\u1ea3 c\u1ee7a nh\u00e2n vi\u00ean v\u0103n ph\u00f2ng, c\u1ee7a v\u0103n th\u01b0 v\u1ec1 \u0111\u00e1nh m\u00e1y, in \u1ea5n, th\u01b0\u1eddng \u0111\u01b0\u1ee3c g\u1ecdi l\u00e0 \u201csai l\u1ea7m 3C\u201d, g\u1ed3m c\u00e1c l\u1ed7i nh\u01b0 l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng ch\u00ednh x\u00e1c (not correct), l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng ho\u00e0n ch\u1ec9nh (not complete), l\u1ed7i kh\u00f4ng nh\u1ea5t qu\u00e1n (not consistant).<\/p>\n\n\n\n
B\u00f9i Trinh \u2013 Trung t\u00e2m Tr\u1ecdng t\u00e0i qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf Vi\u1ec7t Nam<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Theo g\u00f3c nh\u00ecn c\u1ee7a nhi\u1ec1u chuy\u00ean gia kinh t\u1ebf, c\u01a1 h\u1ed9i t\u1eeb cu\u1ed9c chi\u1ebfn th\u01b0\u01a1ng m\u1ea1i M\u1ef9 \u2013 Trung v\u1edbi doanh nghi\u1ec7p Vi\u1ec7t l\u00e0 ch\u01b0a r\u00f5 r\u00e0ng, nh\u01b0ng doanh nghi\u1ec7p ph\u1ea3i c\u1ea9n tr\u1ecdng h\u01a1n r\u1ea5t nhi\u1ec1u trong giao th\u01b0\u01a1ng qu\u1ed1c t\u1ebf. \u0110\u1eb7c bi\u1ec7t, c\u1ea7n ch\u00fa \u00fd nh\u1eefng l\u1ed7i v\u0103n b\u1ea3n t\u01b0\u1edfng nh\u01b0 v\u00f4 h\u1ea1i, b\u1edfi […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":901,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[3,34],"class_list":["post-900","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tin-tuc-su-kien","category-tin-kinh-te-xa-hoi"],"acf":[],"yoast_head":"\n